The predation and/or dispersal of Quercus seeds by rodents play an important role in the creation of the tree species.The present study examined the effects Above Ground Product (Filters) of community habitats on the predation and dispersal of Quercus wutaishanica seeds by rodents.We released seeds with densities set at 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32 seed square meter with litter cover, soil burial, and bare ground in the Liupan Mountains National Nature Reserve in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, northwest China.The results showed that (1) the litter cover and soil burial significantly increased the seed survival probability compared with bare tv accessory kit ground treatments, especially the predation in situ (PIS) (p p 5 m) was significantly greater than that of small seeds (p Q.
wutaishanica seed predation by rodents increased at a high density rather than at a low density, indicating a negative density-dependent predation.These findings provide insights into the ecological characteristics of Quercus tree regeneration and shed light on the coexistence between rodents and different-sized seeds.